Throw a Foxtrot

Only during totality.

You still need them if you want to see the moon creep across the sun.

By about 4.8 percent.

When you say “all molecules that comprise earth,” are you including every molecule in the atmosphere out to the Karman line?

For what it’s worth this won’t change the result in any meaningful way. Both in terms of atom count and atom mass the atmosphere makes up only a tiny fraction of the earth’s material.