I think all schools in Brazil have uniform, even private ones. No such thing as “physical education uniform”, tho, you sweat on the same shirt you stay in class, so everyone is kind of forced to have 5 fucking uniform shirts and 2-3 pairs of pants and shorts, which makes it feel more like free money extortion rather than anything else.

I don’t know enough about school history in my country to really tell whether this is some form of authoritarian bullshit or not, since there was some sort of education reform during the dictatorship (1964-1985) which led to a significant increase in private schools since, as “public school” became synonymous with “shit education”, but I wouldn’t be surprised if it originated from that line of thought. I mean, schools here operate on assembly line logic, so uniforms make perfect sense.