Have you heard of The Great Dust Bowl? It was a series of dust storms in the USA that were so intense, they killed crops, livestock, and people during the the great depression.
The situation was amplified by a drought, but the dust was also human caused.
“Following years of overcultivation and generally poor land management in the 1920s, the region—which receives an average rainfall of less than 20 inches (500 mm) in a typical year—suffered a severe drought in the early 1930s that lasted several years. The region’s exposed topsoil, robbed of the anchoring water-retaining roots of its native grasses, was carried off by heavy spring winds. ” Britannica
This dust storm was so thick that it blocked the sun.
“Dear Mr. Roosevelt, Darkness came when it hit us. Picture taken from water tower one hundred feet high. Yours Truly, Chas. P. Williams." An unknown author writes to Roosevelt
Under the hands of desperate farmers, grasslands turned to landscapes so lifeless and dangerous, that many people abandoned their dreams and left.
One of the practices that amplified this disaster (that is a current farming practice to this day) is rototilling. During this, you flip the soil over, which can make planting easier. This comes with many problems, including:
- Destroying the soil microbiome. Healthy soil means healthy crops.
- More weeds. As you flip your soil you are allowing dormant seeds a chance to thrive
- Soil Compaction: As the soil gets more compact, it becomes harder for roots to work through it.
- Washing or blowing away top soil. Top soil is where the heathiest soil is, and it can be washed away if left uncovered
- Drying the soil. By leaving the soil exposed you are letting the sun bake out any moisture
Fixes:
- Crop rotation. This is a pre-medieval technique where you rotate what crops you grow in what soil. This can add nutrients to the soil, avoid nutrient depletion, reduce diseases, and reduce pests.
- Cover Crops. Never leave your soil bare. Cover crops can save your soil.
- Water Catchments. These slow down the movement of water, encouraging the soil absorbing it. Examples: bunds or swales.
- Alternative farming. Such as aquaponics or hydroponics.
- Food forests. Instead of rows of monoculture, food forest combine several different types of plants in a way that mimics a forest.
- Reducing food waste. To take pressure off food production. In Canada alone, $31 billion dollars worth of food waste is thrown out a year.
- Mulch. Putting mulch down can protect your soil while also keeping down weeds.
- Planting trees and bushes. Even if it is just on the outside perimeter of your crops, trees and bushes can help hold soil in place, reduce wind, and improve the general health of the area.
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