I have no idea about the meme format (though I see this is a cross post from anti memes), but the picture is a reference to a famous legend about exponential growth:

Allegedly, the inventor of chess asked the ruler of India (where it was invented) for payment in the form of rice, with a single grain in the first square and the amount doubling for each subsequent square. The ruler agreed, believing the amount to be small, but soon found out there was not enough rice in India to pay the man.